Brühl (family)
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The von Brühl family
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Coat of arms of the von Brühl family
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Germany, United States, Sweden, Denmark, France, United Kingdom
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Brühl (de Brüel, von Brühl) is the name of an old German noble family from Saxony-Thuringia, with their ancestral seat in
Gangloffsömmern in Thuringia. Branches of the family still exist today.
One of the most important branches of the von Brühl family uses the spelling
Brüel, and mainly resides in
Denmark and
Sweden.
Contents [hide]
- 1 History
- 1.1 United Kingdom
- 1.2 Scandinavia
- 2 Wealth
- 3 Art & Architecture
- 4 In Popular Culture
- 5 Members
- 5.1 Brüel, branch
- 5.2 United Kingdom, branch
- 6 Family Tree
- 7 See also
- 8 Literature
- 9 Further reading
- 10 References
Brühl's Stairs and Ständehaus
Brühl Estate in Nischwitz
Not much is known about the family's early history. They are first mentioned in 1344, with
Heinrich aus dem Brühl. He is named as a
ministerialis of the Counts of Hohnstein. The name Heinrich was later often still given to new members of the family.
Heinrich von Brühl (died 1446) owned the manor Wenigen-Tennstedt and is first mentioned in records in 1424. The familial line starts with him. His descendant Heinrich von Brühl acquired a manor at Gangloffsömmern in 1470, which became the family home.
In 1464 the manor of Pakosław (Greater Poland) was bought by one Johannes Brühl (senior), whose son Johannes Brühl (junior) left Poland for Saxony in 1496, with his wife Balice Banarowna, heiress of Oświęcim, accompanying the king's daughter,
Barbara Jagiellon (later the wife of
George, Duke of Saxony). The name Brühl-Oswiecino was still in use into the 18th century.
At the end of the 17th century the family seat was owned by the
Oberhofmarschall and
Wirklicher Geheimer Rat Hans Moritz von Brühl. His son was the well-known Heinrich von Brühl (1700–1763). From 1719 he served the court of the Electorate of Saxony, and progressed quickly through the favour of
Augustus II the Strong. For almost two decades, Brühl was the most powerful man in the Electorate, as prime minister he indirectly controlled
Saxony and the
Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth . His fiscal policy, unchecked by a weak Duke, almost led Saxon to financial disaster, but made Brühl extremely wealthy. Like his three older brothers a year later, Heinrich von Brühl was made an
Imperial Count in 1737.
The two youngest of the four brothers founded two lines, the older Saxonian line, starting with the Saxonian
Landeshauptmann Friedrich Wilhelm von Brühl and a younger Saxonian-Prussian line, starting with prime minister Heinrich von Brühl. The older line retained possession of Gangloffsömmern, Forst, and Seifersdorf.
An offshoot started to use the name Brühl-Renard from 1909. It died out in the male line in 1923. The family today has many branches.
Hans Moritz von Brühl (1736–1809), was the son of F. W. Graf von Brühl of
Martinskirchen, who died in 1760, and nephew of
Heinrich von Brühl. Born at
Wiederau in the
Electorate of Saxony, he studied at
Leipzig, and there formed a close friendship with
Christian Gellert, who corresponded with him for some years. At Paris, in 1755, Brühl, then in his nineteenth year, took an active part in Saxon diplomacy, and was summoned to
Warsaw in 1759. He was named, through his uncle's influence, chamberlain and commandant in
Thuringia, and in 1764 appointed ambassador extraordinary to the
court of St. James's.
He loved astronomy and promoted its interests. Brühl helped determine, in 1785, the latitudes and longitudes of Brussels, Frankfort, Dresden, and Paris. Brühl built (probably in 1787) a small observatory at his villa at
Harefield, and set up there, about 1794, a two-foot astronomical circle by
Jesse Ramsden, one of the first instruments of the kind made in England. He was intimate with
William Herschel, and transmitted news of discoveries abroad through
Johann Elert Bode's
Jahrbuch. He supported the advancement of chronometry, in the work of
Thomas Mudge and Emery. He also gave attention to political economy, and made a tour through the remoter parts of England early in 1783 to investigate the state of trade and agriculture. "Count de Bruhl" was next to Philidor , Verdoni and George Atwood one of the greatest chess player of his time.
[2]
He married, first, in 1767, Alicia Maria, dowager countess of Egremont, daughter of
George Carpenter, 2nd Baron Carpenter, who died on 1 June 1794, leaving him a son and daughter; secondly, in 1796, Maria, daughter of General Christopher Chowne, who died in 1835. The family was thus joined with the British aristocracy and intellectual elite, and offspring went on to possess significant influence in the
United Kingdom. For example,
Lord Polwarth was Brühl's grandson.
Second Belvedere
Georg Wilhelm de Brüel (von Brühl), was sent to Denmark in the late 18th century to an establish operational plan of the forests in the stock houses Krenkerup on Lolland. Brüel was greatly successful, creating a close relationship with the Danish king, and started spelling his name "Brüel".[3]
Patron presents Emperor Augustus Fine Arts, painting from the collection of Bruhl
The family achieved to accumulate remarkable wealth during the different reigns of their members, especially during the era of Heinrich von Brühl, whose fortune was sequestered but afterwards restored to the family. The inquiry showed that Brühl owed his immense fortune to the prodigality of the king rather than to unlawful means of accumulation.
The family's power was often beneficial to the arts and sciences. The family was a dedicated collector and protector of the arts. They owned a large gallery of pictures, which was bought by Empress
Catherine II of Russia in 1768, and their library of 70,000 volumes was one the biggest private libraries in the
Holy Roman Empire.
Brühl's glories refers to the, on the behalf of Heinrich von Brühl, on the Brühl Terrace in Dresden constructed buildings and collections. These include the Brühl Palace, the Brühl's library, the Brühl's Gallery, the Belvedere and the Brühl's garden.
Brühl's Terrace is known as the "Balcony of Europe", a name which was first thought up and used at the beginning of the 19th century and which since then has been used in all kinds of literature.
View over Brühl's Terrace
Numerous books and films has been made about the family and its members. "Saxony's shine and Prussia's Glory: Brühl the Great Career" and "Saxony's shine and Prussia's Glory: Brühl the War" (1985) was two parts of a six-part television film aired in Germany. Polish author Józef Ignacy Kraszewski immortalized the von Brühl family in two novels from the 1870s ("Count Brühl", "From the Seven Years' War").
Heinrich von Brühl
(* 1700; † 1763)
Alois Friedrich von Brühl
(* 1739; † 1793)
Carl von Brühl
(* 1772; † 1837)
Marie von Clausewitz, geb. Gräfin von Brühl
(* 1779; † 1836)
- Heinrich von Brühl (1700–1763), prime minister of Saxony
- Hans Moritz von Brühl (1736–1809), Saxonian ambassador in London, scientist, writer, and philanthropist
- Alois Friedrich von Brühl (1739–1793), a Polish-Saxon diplomat, politician, Freemason, soldier, actor and playwright.
- Carl Adolph von Brühl (1742–1802), Saxonian and Prussian Lieutenant General, tutor to Frederick William III and his siblings
- Hanns Moritz von Brühl (1746–1811), Saxonian nobleman, translator and artist
- Christina von Brühl (1756–1816), author and garden architect
- Carl von Brühl (Hans Moritz II, 1772–1837), a Prussian Geheimrat, friend of Goethe, director of the royal theatres in 1815-1828 and director of museums from 1829
- Marie von Brühl (1779–1836), wife of the Prussian general and military theorist Carl von Clausewitz
- Friedrich-Joseph von Brühl (Maria Friedrich-Joseph Hubertus Michael Rupert Graf von Brühl; 1875–1949), hereditary member of the Prussian House of Lords
- Friedrich Wilhelm Graf von Brühl (1791–1859), Prussian Lieutenant General
- Friedrich Wilhelm von Brühl (1699–1760), Geheimrat in the Kingdom of Prussia and the Electorate of Saxony
- Friedrich Stephan von Brühl (1819–1893), from 1851 a member and from 1879 the chairman of the regional assembly of the Niederlausitz and during 1851–1876 a member of the old, and then the new, Landtag of the Province of Brandenburg
- Friedrich-Franz von Brühl (1848–1911), member of the Prussian House of Lords and of the Niederlausitz Assembly of Estates
- Hans Moritz von Brühl (1849–1911), Lieutenant-General
- Ferdinand von Brühl (1851-1911), Major-General
- Franz von Brühl (1852–1928), administrative lawyer
- Alfred von Brühl (1862–1922), painter in Düsseldorf and direktor of the Art Academy of Königsberg
- Carl Brühl (1820-1899), was an Austrian physician and anatomist known for his work in the field of comparative osteology, and who also inspired Sigmund Freud.
Osaka - Japan, one of Brüel & Kjær's offices
- Ludvig Bang Brüel (1904), Member of the Swedish Order of Vasa
- Birgit Brüel (1927-1996), Danish singer and actress
- Max Brüel (1927-1995), Danish architect and jazz musician, an accomplished pianist and saxophonist
- Per Vilhelm Brüel (1927), Danish physicist, engineer, friend of Niels Bohr, and founder of the world's largest manufacturer and supplier of sound and vibration measurement equipment, systems and solutions, Brüel & Kjær.
United Kingdom, branch[edit]
- Aladar of Boroviczeny: Graf von Brühl. The Medici. Richelieu and Rothschild his time. Amalthea-Verlag, Wien, among others 1930.
- Walter Fellmann: Count Heinrich Brühl. A life-time and image. 4th revised edition. Koehler & Amelang, Munich, etc. 2000, ISBN 3-7338-0232-2 .
- Heinrich Theodor Flathe : Brühl, Heinrich Graf von . In: General German Biography (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 411–417.
- Roessler, Hellmuth: Brühl, Henry, Imperial Count. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , pp. 660–662 ( digitized ).
- Charles Louis de Pollnitz : Etat de la cour de Saxe abrégé, sous le raining d'Auguste III. roi de Pologne et Electeur de Saxe. sn, sl 1734 digitized .
- Dagmar Vogel: Heinrich Graf von Brühl. A Biography. Volume 1 [10] : 1700-1738 (= Series studies of historical research of modern times. Vol. 29). Kovač, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-8300-0859-7 .
- Otto Hupp: Münchener Kalender 1923. Verlagsanstalt München/Regensburg 1923.
- Gothaisches Genealogisches Taschenbuch der Gräflichen Häuser 1917, p. 169.
- Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels, Adelslexikon Vol. II, Vol. 58 of the complete series, C. A. Starke Verlag, Limburg (Lahn) 1974, ISSN 0435-2408
- Heinrich Graf von Brühl und die Herrschaft Forst-Pförten, Hrsg. Brandenburgisches Textilmuseum Forst (Lausitz), 2003
- Alojzy Fryderyk von Brühl 1739 - 1793 Juliusz Dudziak, Zielona Góra, 2010 ISBN 978-83-929767-0-7
- Jump up
^ Boroviczény, Aladár von. Graf Von Bruehl: Der Medici, Richelieu Und Rothschild Seiner Zeit. Zue
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